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KMID : 0861020230380010011
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Korea Journal of Herbology
2023 Volume.38 No. 1 p.11 ~ p.19
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Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of cultivated red ginseng with fermented complex mushroom-cereal mycelium on lipopolysaccharide activated BV2 microglial cells
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Kweon Bit-Na
Oh Jin-Young
Kim Dong-Uk
Jang Mi-Kyung
Cho Jun-Hyoung
Park Sung-Joo
Bae Gi-Sang
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Abstract
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Objectives : Neuroinflammation is a common pathological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of therapeutic agents is urgently needed. Red ginseng has been known to be good for the immune stimulation in Eastern Asia. Although the immuno-stimulatory activity of red ginseng are already known, the neuro-protective effects of cultivated red ginseng with fermented complex mushroom-cereal mycelium (RGFM) have not been conducted. Thus, in this study, we tried to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of RGFM water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated BV2 cells.
Methods : BV2 cells were pretreated with RGFM 1 h prior to LPS exposure. To determine the neuro-protective effects of RGFM water extract, we measured the expression of inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, to find out the regulatory mechanism of RGFM water extract, we assessed the protein levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitory κBα (IκBα) by western blotting.
Results : In our study, treatment of RGFM reduced the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 and suppressed NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Additionally, the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α but not IL-6 was significantly inhibited by RGFM. Furthermore, RGFM water extract inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).
Conclusions : Taken together, these findings suggest that RGFM water extract has a protective effect on neuroinflammation through inhibition of JNK.
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KEYWORD
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Neuroinflammation, Red ginseng, Mushroom-cereal mycelium, Microglia, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
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